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Resources for Researchers

Provides links and citations to articles, books, e-books on general research, qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods, action research, and more.

Delphi Technique

Davidson, P. L. (2013). The Delphi technique in doctoral research: Considerations and rationale. Review of Higher Education & Self-Learning, 6(22), 53-65. (NOTE: Due to the low editorial standards of this journal, this article has the quality of a decent class paper (Masters level, maybe), but it does have accessible summary information.) (ACU login required)

Diamond, I., Grant, R., Feldman, B., Pencharz, P., Ling, S., Moore, A., & Wales, P. (2014). Defining consensus: A systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002 (NOTE: Has good list of quality criteria, see Table 6.) (ACU login required)

Gnatzy, T., Warth, J., von der Gracht, H., & Darkow, I. (2011). Validating an innovative real-time Delphi approach - A methodological comparison between real-time and conventional Delphi studies. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 78(9), 1681-1694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.04.006 (ACU login required)

Hsu, C. C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 12(10), 1-8. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol12/iss1/10/

Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & McKenna, H. (2011). The Delphi technique in nursing and health research. Wiley‐Blackwell. (Partially available through Google Books)

Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (Eds.). (1975). The Delphi method: Techniques and applications (Vol. 29). Addison-Wesley. (NOTE: This is, arguably, the foundational work.)

Novakowski, N., & Wellar, B. (2008). Using the Delphi technique in normative planning research: methodological design considerations. Environment and Planning, 40(6), 1485-1500. https://www.doi.org/10.1068/a39267

Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: An example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002 (ACU login required)

Parenté, R. J., Hiöb, T. N., Silver, R. A., Jenkins, C., Poe, M. P., & Mullins, R. J. (2005). The Delphi method, impeachment and terrorism: Accuracies of short-range forecasts for volatile world eventsTechnological forecasting and social change, 72(4), 401-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(03)00024-6  (ACU login required)

Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: Myths and realities. Journal of advanced nursing, 41(4), 376-382. https://www.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x

Rowe, Wright (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting 15, 353-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2070(99)00018-7

Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (2011). The Delphi technique: Past, present, and future prospects—Introduction to the special issue. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1487-1490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.09.002 (ACU login required)

Turoff, M., & Hiltz, S. R. (1996). Computer based Delphi process. In M. Adler & E. Ziglio (Eds.). Gazing into the oracle: The Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health. Kingsley. (Chapter available through Google Books)

See the special issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 78, Issue 9, (2011), Pages 1487-1720.